What role does major depression play in relation to CAD?

Major depression is recognized as a significant modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). This relationship is supported by numerous studies demonstrating that individuals with major depression have a higher incidence of CAD compared to those without depressive disorders. The presence of depression can influence various physiological and behavioral factors that contribute to the development and progression of CAD.

For instance, depression is associated with detrimental lifestyle choices, such as physical inactivity, poor diet, and substance abuse, which can exacerbate risk for cardiovascular events. Additionally, depression can affect physiological mechanisms, such as increased inflammation, dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system, and elevated levels of stress hormones, all of which can lead to detrimental effects on heart health.

As a modifiable risk factor, addressing major depression through lifestyle interventions, psychotherapy, or pharmacotherapy can significantly improve cardiovascular health outcomes. By treating depression, patients may adopt healthier behaviors, which can in turn reduce their risk for developing CAD or experiencing worsening symptoms if they already have the condition.