What is the status of major depression in relation to coronary artery disease (CAD)?

Major depression is recognized as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Research has demonstrated a significant association between major depression and increased risk of developing CAD as well as worse outcomes for individuals who already have the condition. The underlying mechanisms for this link may include detrimental lifestyle behaviors often associated with depression, such as poor diet, physical inactivity, smoking, and increased alcohol consumption. Additionally, depression can lead to physiological changes, including increased inflammation and alterations in the body's stress response, which can negatively impact cardiovascular health.

In contrast, other options lack support from clinical evidence. Major depression is indeed related to CAD, and while some factors may affect the severity or prevalence of depression (like age), the condition does not only affect the elderly. Furthermore, given the chronic and complex nature of depression, it is not typically viewed as a purely reversible condition, particularly without appropriate treatment. Understanding the role of major depression in CAD emphasizes the necessity for integrating mental health management into cardiovascular care.