What is the effect of prolonged sitting on metabolic function?

Prolonged sitting negatively impacts metabolic function in several ways. One significant effect is decreased insulin sensitivity, meaning the body's cells become less responsive to insulin, which is crucial for regulating blood sugar. This decreased sensitivity can lead to higher blood glucose levels and, over time, may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Additionally, prolonged sitting is associated with lower levels of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, often referred to as "good" cholesterol. HDL plays a protective role against cardiovascular diseases, so its decrease is concerning. Furthermore, extended periods of inactivity can contribute to an increase in triglycerides, a type of fat found in the blood that, when elevated, raises the risk for heart disease and other metabolic disorders.

Although metabolic function can be enhanced by physical activity, prolonged periods of sitting inhibit this enhancement, leading to a more harmful metabolic profile overall. Therefore, the correct answer captures the multiple adverse effects of prolonged sitting on both insulin sensitivity and HDL levels, as well as the negative impact on metabolic function and the increase in triglycerides.