What effect does consuming excess sodium generally have on health?

Consuming excess sodium is primarily linked to increased blood pressure. This phenomenon occurs because sodium plays a key role in regulating fluid balance in the body. When sodium intake is high, the body retains more water to dilute the sodium in the bloodstream. This increased volume of blood puts additional pressure on blood vessel walls, leading to hypertension. Chronic high blood pressure is a significant risk factor for a variety of serious health issues, including heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease.

In contrast, the other options present benefits or improvements in health that are not supported by evidence related to high sodium consumption. Improved cardiovascular health, decreased risk of stroke, and enhanced kidney function are outcomes typically associated with a balanced diet low in sodium, rather than one high in it. Thus, the link between excessive sodium intake and increased blood pressure illustrates a clear understanding of dietary influences on cardiovascular health.