In the context of the diabetes prevention study, what is a significant long-term consequence of taking metformin?

In the context of the diabetes prevention study, a significant long-term consequence of taking metformin is the increased risk of Vitamin B12 deficiency. Metformin is widely prescribed for the management of type 2 diabetes and is known to affect vitamin absorption in the gut. Specifically, its mechanism of action can lead to reduced intestinal absorption of Vitamin B12, which is essential for red blood cell formation and neurological function.

Long-term use of metformin has been associated with this deficiency, particularly in individuals who are on the medication for extended periods. Regular monitoring of Vitamin B12 levels in patients taking metformin is recommended to prevent potential complications, such as neuropathy and anemia, that can arise from this deficiency. This understanding is crucial for healthcare providers to ensure that patients maintain adequate nutritional status while managing their diabetes effectively.