Both aerobic and resistance exercises can lead to which of the following outcomes?

Engaging in both aerobic and resistance exercises has a well-documented positive effect on bone health, leading to increases in bone mineral density. This is crucial because maintaining or enhancing bone mineral density can significantly reduce the risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures, particularly in populations at risk, such as older adults.

Aerobic exercise, which includes activities like running, cycling, and swimming, can promote overall bone health by enhancing the mechanical loading of bones through weight-bearing movements. Meanwhile, resistance training involves exercises that strengthen muscles and stimulates bone formation through the application of stress and strain on the skeletal system. This combination is effective in promoting osteogenic activity, thereby improving bone density.

The other options do not reflect the benefits associated with regular exercise. While resistance training can sometimes lead to fluctuations in body weight due to muscle gain, the overall goal often focuses on improving body composition rather than merely increasing weight. Skeletal muscle mass typically increases with both types of training, contradicting the second option, and metabolic rate generally increases due to enhanced muscle mass and aerobic fitness rather than decreasing. Therefore, the increase in bone mineral density stands out as the correct outcome associated with both aerobic and resistance exercises.